We now have a wiki!
# The estimated toxic dose is about 25,000 IU/kg.# Chronic toxicity appears after ingestion of 25,000 IU or more daily for prolonged periods.
Long-lived cultures consume higher amounts of calcium,along with more magnesium and other minerals, and often getmore sunshine (vitamin D) and vitamin K than most of us.Longevity research from around the world is consistent withthese correlations. In fact, such cultures consume 2-4 timesthe calcium consumed in the U.S. Studies of our ancestorsalso support a higher calcium intake.In a quest to discover the origins of poor health and disease, aprogressive dentist of the 1930’s, Dr. Weston Price, set out on atrip around the world to study communities of people whoappeared to be of exceptional good health and free of disease....The foods eaten were generally fresh, often raw, and of course,completely natural and organic. Price also noticed that almostall the groups ate some fermented foods every day, rich indigestive enzymes and vitamin K.....In the Fiji Islands two young men were assigned the task ofdoing the “marketplace” shopping for a pregnant woman: Itwas their daily job to obtain from the sea a particular kind ofcrab that was extraordinarily high in nutrients. (Crabs arealways included on lists of high-calcium foods) Price W. ,Nutrition and Physical Degeneration, Sixth Edition, 2002.Among Eskimos fish eggs were eaten by childbearing women.Coastal Indians in Peru also knew this great secret. (Fish roe areamong the most healthful foods on our planet. Needless to say,they have a high calcium content.) Price W., Nutrition andPhysical Degeneration, Sixth Edition, 2002.Apparently, the longevity and low incidence of degenerativediseases observed in these islanders are at least consistent withthe high levels of calcium, magnesium and trace minerals foundin their drinking water, along with their high vitamin D levelsdue to long hours in the bright sunshine....S. Boyd Eaton, a physician also known for his studies onPaleolithic diets, analyzed more than one hundred plant foodsconsumed by tribes of hunter-gatherers. Eaton’s results supportthe notion that high levels of calcium intake are desirablebecause our physiologies developed this way over generations.Wild vegetable foods average about 130 milligrams of calciumper 100-gram portions.Late Paleolithic people were eating about 1,460 grams of suchfood each day, yielding over 1,800 milligrams of calcium, whilethe meat they ate would have supplied another 100 milligrams.Gnawing on bones from fowl (as I remember my grandmotherdoing) or from small mammals might have substantiallyincreased the amount of calcium ingested
on another mailing list i'm on, one mama used a fish tank testing kit to measure calcium in her 24 hour chicken bone broth. it turned out to have 300 mg/L of calcium, whereas an 8oz glass of milk has 600-800mg/L (i think)
http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/126104-overviewQuote# The estimated toxic dose is about 25,000 IU/kg.# Chronic toxicity appears after ingestion of 25,000 IU or more daily for prolonged periods.
One retinol equivalent is equal to:1 RE = 1 µg retinol1 RE = 6 µg beta-carotene1 RE = 12 µg other provitamin A carotenoids1 RE = 3.33 IU vitamin A activity from retinol1 RE = 10 IU vitamin A activity from beta-carotene
Vitamin A is also measured in International Units (IU): 1 RE = 10 IU for plant products and 1 RE = 3.3 IU for animal products...Six mg of beta-carotene are considered to be the equivalent of 1 mg of vitamin A....The American Food and Drug Administration has established an RDA of 5,000 IU for vitamin A, with a recommendation that pregnant women maintain their intake around 8,000 IU and that vitamin A be taken in the form of beta-carotene, which is not considered toxic....However, any high dose therapy (more than 25,000 IU for an adult or 10,000 IU for a child) should be closely monitored by a healthcare professional.
Another factor that affects glycemic index is the amount of intact fiber compared to the amount of starch. Small grains such as millet, amaranth, quinoa, and teff are very small, so have a higher fiber to starch ratio. This gives them a lower glycemic index than whole grains like whole wheat, other glutinous grains, and corn.
Potential Nutritional Shortcomings of the Contemporary Paleolithic DietCalciumTable 4 shows that the calcium intake (691 mg) would be considerably lower than the RDA (1000 mg), while the protein intake (217 g) would be more than 4 times recommended values (50 g). Because increased dietary protein increases obligatory loss of urinary calcium, it has been suggested that a calcium (mg)/protein (g) ratio of >20:1 may protect against bone loss.22 The calcium/protein ratio of the contemporary Paleolithic diet (3.2 :1) is considerably lower than that in the average U.S. diet (10.7:1)23 and therefore might be expected to increase the risk for bone demineralization, osteoporosis, and osteopenia.... However, more importantly it is likely that Paleolithic hunter gatherers would have been in positive calcium balance despite a relatively low calcium intake because the calciuretic effects of a high meat diet were countered by high fruit and vegetable intake.11,12 [Marika's comment: "likely"....but do we have any definitive proof? Do we have any Paleo skeletons to study that lived into their 50s, 60s, 70s, or 80s and showed no signs of osteoporosis? Especially females?]Vitamin DThe contemporary Paleolithic diet provides no dietary vitamin D. Except for the livers of certain marine mammals and fish, there are relatively few sources of vitamin D in the normal food supply. In most hunter-gatherers, vitamin D would have been obtained via the body’s synthesis of this hormone from ultraviolet irradiation (sunlight exposure) of cholesterol in the skin.
Daily calcium intake (Table 1) was 300–900 mg/day, mean 692 ± 162. Non-dairy calcium sources were sardines, green leafy vegetables and soybeans. Total daily calcium intake was <500 mg/day in 13 (20%) patients and 500–1000 mg/day in 43 (65%) patients, and only 10 (15%) patients had >1000 mg/day calcium in their regular diet. The lowest total Ca intake was found in the men. There was no statistical significance between subgroups regarding diary, non-diary and total calcium intake....Hypocalciuria (urinary calcium excretion <100 mg/24hours) was observed in 32 (49%) patients....We observed some changes in serum PTH level, which might be induced by decreased total and dairy calcium intake. Serum PTH level was negatively correlated with total calcium intake. It also has a trend to increase in patients with the lowest daily calcium intake compared to the patients with moderate calcium intake. Increase in serum PTH may lead to decreased urinary calcium excretion, increased bone turnover and consequent decrease in bone mass...Seven postmenopausal women were diagnosed as osteoporotic before the study, but none of the postmenopausal women received any therapy and/or calcium supplements. Six women (12% of all women) reported three wrist fractures and four ankle fractures, and one man (6% of all men) reported a hip fracture. All patients sustained fractures before the age 50; all fractures were reported as traumatic. Low calcium intake due to LI might influence bone metabolism independently from age and gender and may lead to a decrease in bone mass in the axial and in the appendicular skeleton following increases in bone turnover markers and serum PTH level. Impaired vitamin D status may further contribute to a decrease in bone mass. The early diagnosis of LD and dietary correction of low calcium intake and vitamin D status might be important for prevention of impairment in bone metabolism and early development of osteoporosis.
Author
Topic: Calcium (Read 19434 times)
